Write a program to draw a circle using mid-point circle drawing algorithm.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<conio.h>

void drawcircle(int x0, int y0, int r)

{

                int x=r;

                int y=0

                int err=0;

                while(x>=y)

                {

                                putpixel(x0+x,y0+y,7);

                                putpixel(x0+y,y0+x,7);

                                putpixel(x0-y,y0+x,7);

                                putpixel(x0-x,y0+y,7);

                                putpixel(x0-x,y0-y,7);

                                putpixel(x0-y,y0-x,7);

                                putpixel(x0+y,y0-x,7);

                                putpixel(x0+x,y0-y,7);

                                if(err<=0)

                                {

                                                y+=1;

                                                err+=2*y+1;

                                }

                                if(err>0)

                                {

                                                x-=1;

                                                err-=2*x+1;

                                }

                }

}

int main()

{

                int gd=DETECT, gm, error,x,y,r;

                initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

                cout<<"Enter the radius of Circle :";

                cin>>r;

                cout<<"Enter values for center x and y :";

                cin>>x>>y;

                drawcircle(x,y,r);

                getch();

                return 0;

}

Write a program to draw a circle using Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

void drawCircle(int x, int y, int xc, int yc);

void main()

{

                int gd = DETECT, gm;

                int r, xc, yc, pk, x, y;

                initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

                cout<<"\n

                Enter the values for center x and y\n";

                cin>>xc>>yc;

                cout<<"Enter the radius of circle\n";

                cin>>r;

                pk = 3 - 2*r;

                x=0; y = r;

                drawCircle(x,y,xc,yc);

                while(x < y)

                {

                                if(pk <= 0)

                                {

                                                pk = pk + (4*x) + 6;

                                                drawCircle(++x,y,xc,yc);

                                }

                                else

                                {

                                                pk = pk + (4*(x-y)) + 10;

                                                drawCircle(++x,--y,xc,yc);

                                }

                }

                getch();

                closegraph();

}

void drawCircle(int x, int y, int xc, int yc)

{

                putpixel(x+xc,y+yc,WHITE);

                putpixel(-x+xc,y+yc,WHITE);

                putpixel(x+xc, -y+yc,WHITE);

                putpixel(-x+xc, -y+yc, WHITE);

                putpixel(y+xc, x+yc, WHITE);

                putpixel(y+xc, -x+yc, WHITE);

                putpixel(-y+xc, x+yc, WHITE);

                putpixel(-y+xc, -x+yc, WHITE);

}

Write a C++ program to draw a line using Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<conio.h>

void drawline(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)

{

                int dx, dy,p,x,y;

                dx=x1-x0;

                dy=y1-y0;

                x=x0;

                y=y0;

                p=2*dy-dx;

                while(x<x1)

                {

                                if(p>=0)

                                {

                                                putpixel(x,y,7);

                                                y=y+1;

                                                p=p+2*dy-2*dx;

                                }

                                else

                                {

                                                putpixel(x,y,7);

                                                p=p+2*dy;

                                }

                                x=x+1;

                }

}

int main()

{

                int gd=DETECT, gm, error, x0,y0,x1,y1;

                initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

                cout<<"Enter the values of x0 and y0 :";

                cin>>x0>>y0;

                cout<<"Enter the vlaues of x1 and y1 :";

                cin>>x1>>y1;

                drawline(x0,y0,x1,y1);

                getch();

                return 0;

}

Write a C++ program of DDA Line Drawing Algorithm..

#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
       float x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,step;
       int i,gd=DETECT,gm;

     initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");

      printf("\nEnter the value of x1 and y1 : ");
      scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);
      printf("Enter the value of x2 and y2: ");
      scanf("%f%f",&x2,&y2);

    dx=abs(x2-x1);
    dy=abs(y2-y1);

    if(dx>=dy)
            step=dx;
    else
           step=dy;

    dx=dx/step;
    dy=dy/step;

    x=x1;
    y=y1;

    i=1;
    while(i<=step)
    {
           putpixel(x,y,WHITE);
           x=x+dx;
           y=y+dy;
           i=i+1;
           delay(100);
    }

getch();
        closegraph();
}

Program Of Increment and Decrement Operator.

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x,y,exp1,exp2;
clrscr();
x=10;
y=15;
exp1=x* ++y;
printf("Value of the first expression is: %d\n",exp1);
x=10;
y=15;
exp2=x* y++;
printf("Value of second expression is : %d\n",exp2);
}

Program To Find The Values Of Logical Operators Expressions.

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x=60, y=200, b=2, c=160;
int exp1, exp2, exp3, exp4, exp5, exp6;
clrscr();
exp1= x<y;
exp2= x+y<y;
exp3= x*b==120;
exp4= (x==60)&&(y>b);
exp5= (y!=60)||(c>x);
exp6= !(x>60);
printf("Value of first expression is : %d\n",exp1);
printf("Value of second expression is : %d\n",exp2);
printf("Valye of third expression is : %d\n",exp3);
printf("Value of forth expression is : %d\n",exp4);
printf("Value of fith expression is : %d\n",exp5);
printf("Value of sixth expression is : %d\n",exp6);
}

Program To Find The Solution Of Mixed Mode Expression

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
float exp1, exp2;
int A, I, J, K;
clrscr();
A=4.5;
I=1;
J=2;
K=3;
exp1= J*K+A;
exp2= K/J*(A+2.3*I);
printf("Value of first expression is : %f\n",exp1);
printf("Value of second expression is : %f\n",exp2);
}